Concrete building structure



July 14`, 1931. A. G; CLARK 1,813,912

CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTUR E Filed OCT.. 27, 1927 2 lSheets-Sheet 1 July 14, 1931. A. G. `CLARK 1,813,912

CONCRETE BUILDING S TRUCTURE -Filed Oct. 27, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 JJat'entecl July 14.1931

UNITED STATES Lamela PATENT OFFICE' ARTHUR GaCLARI, F ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNR 0F GNE-THIRD TO ALEXANDER C. ROBABGE AND ONE-THIRD TO GEORGE E. SNELL, RUTH OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA CONCRETE BUILDNG STRUCTURE Application led October 27, 1927.t Serial No. 229,109.

This invention relates to concrete building structure and especially to wall structure formed from concrete or other` plastic selfhardening material.

It is an object of my invention to provide sim levbut highly eiicient wall structure for bui dings, capable of being quickly and easily set up and having a maximum strength.

A further object is to provide wall structure combining a multiplicity of prepared building units and column structure formed and set up in said units, said units being positively locked together and .with Said column structure aganst lateral or longitudinal displacement.

Another object is to provide concrete wall structure including concrete columns'and a plurality of building units wherein said columns are formed, said structure being capable of wide variation to meet various tensile requirements without varying the size or structure of the buildin units.

A still further ob'ect 1s to provide in structure of the class a ove described, buildin units adapted to be laid in the manner o bricks, and also adapted to form a plurality of molds for concrete columns, said columns so formed being positively locked to said building units and the abutting ends of said building units being locked with said columns against longitudinal and lateral displacement.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent-from the following description ma e in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters refer to similar arts throughout the several-views and in w ich,

Fig. 1 is a side ele ation of a concrete wall 40 embodying my inven ion;

Fig. 2 is a orizontal section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3--3 of Fi 1, showing the manner in which the vertica sides of the building units inter.- lock and also the manner in which the top of the wall may be finished of;

Fig. 4 is a section takenon the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, showing the manner in which the vertical ribs of the building units interlock;

' in shape rejecting a Fig. 5 is a bottom perspective view of one of the building units; and

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of the corner formed by two intersectin walls wherein the l inwardly disposed ends ot the building units are spaced apart some distance but nevertheless locked tothe corner column and wherein a corner column of considerable cross section is employed.

The building units which I employ, as best shown in Fig. 5, are preferably formedor molded from concrete although other selfhardening plastic material may be used. Eaclr unit comprises 'a air of elongated substantially parallel {si es 7 connected and spaced apart by a plurality of transversel dlsposed partltions or ribs. As illustrate ribs 8 are disposed adjacent the respective ends of sides set inwardly slightly therefrom while a pair of spaced ribs 9 are disposed in the medial portion of the unit preferably being spaced closer togetherthan the distance from either thereof to the end ribs 8. The base and top edges of the side walls of unit 7 are oppositely and longitudinally rabbeted in the manner of ship lap. As illustrated the bottom edge 7 a is longitudinally rabbeted on the inside, while the top edge 7b is longitudinally rabbeted on the outside. It will be remembered that Fig. 5 shows a bot- `:so tom perspective view of the unit. It will be apparent that when the units are laid one a ove the other, the edges will be lapped as clearly illustrated in Fig. 3. As shown, the l distance from the ribs 8 to the ends of the sides S5 7 is equal to one-half the distance between the medial ribs 9.

The bottom-edges of the partitions or ribs 8 and 9 of the unit are concave or recessed at 8a and 9a. respectively, while the upper edges 8b and 9b respectively of said ribs are convex ove the top edges of the sides 7. aid concave and convex edges of two units fit in the manner illustrated in Fig. 4

assisting to interlock the successive layers of units against both longitudinal and lateral displacement.

It will also =be seen that the extremities of sides 7 of the unit diver e havin slightly inclined locking surfaces c exten ing from JK the end partitions 8 to the extremities of sides 7 and being disposed inwardly ofthe unit. The abutment ends of sides 7 are beveled at 7d and 7e respectively, said beveled surfaces 7d and 7e being disposed parallel rather than symmetrically.

As illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 6, my wall structure is formed by the combination of a multiplicity of my building units previously descri ed, with columns or studding molded by ortions of said building units and secure y locked therewith. As illustrated, the footin or foundation F is first formed and the bu1 ding units are laid in alternately staggered rows, staggered on the half to cause partitions 9 of one unit to be vertically alined and to register with the adjacent partitions 8 of vertically consecutive units. This results in the formation of a hollow wall having vertical passages extending from top to bottom, alternate passages being of equal di- .to mo mensions and adjacent passages being of different dimensions. Said vertical assages are lled by the columns or studding and either the lar er or smaller passages ma be utilized lli the columns to secure y lock the building units together and to securely lock the building units with the columns. It is only necessary to pour soft concrete into the passages where columns are desired, suitable reinforcing irons or rods R being inserted.

lIt will be seen that where two horizontally alined building units abut and the column extends through the passage formed by the abutting ends, that the inclmed or diverging locking surfaces 7c dovetail with inclined surfaces or edges of the column formed. The abutting units, therefore, are locked to the column against longitudinal displacement from each other.

When a corner is formed in the building structure, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the ends of the walls defining said corner may be disposed in close relation as shown in Fig. 2, or may be spaced apart as shown in Fig. 6. In Fig. 2 the extremities of the inner sides 7 of the units abut, while the extremities of the outer sides, of course, are spaced some distance apart. To form the corner column indicated by the letter C, it is necessary to provide an outer angular mold M shown in dotted lines and this mold may be formed by merely boarding up the sides of the wall and suitably bracing the same. Concrete in soft state is then poured into the vertical mold formed by the boards M and the extremities of the two walls and suitable reinforcing irons R are disposed in substantially vertical position extending from the top to the bottom of the column.

It will be noticed that the locking surfaces 7c at the ends of the several units forming the two walls dovetail or interlock with the corner column C to prevent longitudinal displacement of said walls from said column.

The to-p of my wall may lbe finished oil' by applying horizontally a strip of metal lath or screenin 10 to the edges of the top layer of building units and layin a layer of concrete 11 above said metal latlgi.

When the building units are laid in staggered relation it will be seen that the lapped edges of two successive layers of units overlap and that the concave and convex horizontal edges of the ribs 8 and 9 are seated and interlocked, whereby building units will be securely locked against lateral displacement before the columns S and C are formed. The columns S and C, of course, positively lock the units against both lateral and longitudinal displacement and in combination with the multiplicity of units form a wall of maximum strength for the amount of material used. While in the drawings the smaller columns or studding S are formed in the smaller vertical passages of the building units, it will be obvious that said columns may be poured and formed in the larger vertical passages spaced apart between smaller passages. It is further apparent that if it is desirable to space the columns S farther a art various spacings may be effected by uti izing any desired combination of vertical passages for the forming of the columns.

The beveled ends of the building units assist in further locking abutting units together against lateral dlsplacement when the Wall is laid as shown in Figs. 2 and 6.

I prefer to provide half building units as well as the complete building units, although if desired the com lete units may be broken in half to finish o the ends of the wall. As shown in Fig. 6, the half units are provided having ,at either end the diverging, inclined, interlocking surfaces 7c.

In laying the walls of a building the units may be either laid to the full hei ht of the walls desired, the reinforcements inserted and the columns then poured, or the units may be laid to the height of relatively short reinforcements varying from three to twenty feet, the reinforcements disposed in the deslred passage to be utilized and the columns poured to the height of the wall laid and thereafter the units may be laid to a new hei ht substantially equal to twice the first, an the column passages again filled with soft concrete. The latter method may be preferable in erecting oice buildings or other structures of considerable height.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that I have invented a highly eiiicient concrete building structure combining maximum strength with minimum material and capable of being manufactured at low cost. The novel building units provided may be employed to form co-operative columns disposed or spaced in different manners and of different cross section. The units are locked with each other in several different ways against both longitudinal and lateral dnsplacement and when thecolumns are formed the entire structure is permanently mierlocked and the columns andi building umts co-operate to produce a unita result, namely, the formation of a hlghly eiclent building. l

It wil1,'of course, be understood that various changes may be made in the form, details, arrangement and proportions of the parts without departing from the scope of the invention.

What I claim is: e 1. An integral building unit comprising a pair of vertical parallel sides, two pairs of transverse vpartitions connecting said sides and extending approximately the full height thereof, the end partitions of the pairs being inset from the ends of thesides a distance equal to one-half of the distance between thev inner partition of the two'pairs, the upper and lower edges of the sides being reversely rabbeted to lap with edges of units in successive layers preventing lateral displacement of said layers, said sides having dove-tail ends at their inward surfaces adaptedto interlock with a concrete column partially molded thereby.

2. An integral building unit comprising a pair of vertical parallel sides, two pairs of transverse partitionsconnecting said sides and extending approximatel the full height thereof, the end partitions oi, the pairs being inset from the ends of the sides a distance equal to one-half of the distance between the inner partition of the two pairs, means at the upper and lower edges of said sides forvpre venting lateral dis lacement of successive layers of units, sai sides having dove-tail ends at their inward surfaces to interlock with a concrete column partially mounted thereby.

In testimony whereof I aix my si ature.

' ARTHUR G. CL K. 

